Linoleic acid, an n-6 fatty acid (FA), and linolenic acid, an n-3 FA, have critical roles on performance and immunity of ruminants ( Sordillo, 2016) and have received considerable attention in calves, as they are born with small reserves of linoleic and linolenic acids. As they cannot be synthesized in the body, they must be obtained from vegetable sources ( Jenkins and Harvatine, 2014). Linoleic and alpha-linolenic fatty acids (FA) are 18 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) considered essential for animals. Lipids are highly energetic nutrients provided by milk and concentrates during the first months of life ( Khan et al., 2016). Consequently, adequate colostrum management, a well-organized feed management program, appropriate housing, and disease prevention strategies are essential to an efficient transition from monogastric to ruminant stage ( Donovan et al., 1998, Godden, 2008, McGuirk, 2008, Gelsinger et al., 2016, Khan et al., 2016). Optimizing growth and decreasing mortality rates in calves are important goals in modern dairy operations. The concentrations of cytokines and haptoglobin were the greatest in LIN group. It is concluded that BW at weaning, ADG, and concentrate intakes were not different between groups fed starters containing linseed or canola expeller (25% inclusion). LIN group had greater concentrations of IL-1 at d 21, haptoglobin at d 7, and resolving-E1 at d 14 and 49 than CAN group, respectively. Incidences of diarrhea were 25% and 45% for CAN and LIN groups, respectively ( P = 0.18). Average daily gains (ADG) from 0 to 60 d for CAN and LIN groups were 0.680 and 0.675 kg/d ( P > 0.05), respectively. The effect of the interaction group by time on body weight (BW) and starter intake was not significant ( P > 0.05). Incidence of diarrhea and the duration of the events were also recorded. A blood sample was obtained at birth, 14, 28, 35, and 49 d of age, and bovine serum resolvin-E1, haptoglobin, and IL-1 were assayed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Starter intake was evaluated daily from 5 to 60 d. Calves were weighed at birth, 30, and 60 d of age. Pasteurized waste milk was fed twice a day until weaning. Both expellers were included at a rate of 25% dry matter (DM) basis of the starter. Linseed group (LIN) was fed a starter with linseed expeller, while canola group (CAN) received a similar concentrate, but with canola expeller.

A sample size of 20 calves per group was calculated and were randomly allocated at the time of birth. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of linseed and canola expeller on average daily weight gain (ADG), concentrate intakes, incidence of diarrhea, serum haptoglobin, interleukin (IL)-1, and resolvin-E1 in female Holstein calves from birth to weaning.

Nds dairy ration software